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<title>Pihta</title>

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</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Drabsha" title="Drabsha"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Prophets</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<li><a href="John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Names for adherents</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li>

<li><a href="Sabians" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazarene_(sect)#Nasoraean_Mandaeans" title="Nazarene (sect)">Nasoraeans</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostics</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="List_of_Mandaean_texts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Mandaean texts">Scriptures</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><i><a href="Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a></i>

<ul><li><i><a href="Right_Ginza" title="Right Ginza">Right Ginza</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Left_Ginza" title="Left Ginza">Left Ginza</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Mandaean_Book_of_John" title="Mandaean Book of John">Mandaean Book of John</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Qulasta" title="Qulasta">Qulasta</a></i> (<a href="List_of_Qulasta_prayers" title="List of Qulasta prayers">list</a>)</li>

<li><i><a href="Haran_Gawaita" title="Haran Gawaita">Haran Gawaita</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Wedding_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="The Wedding of the Great Shishlam">The Wedding of the Great Shishlam</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Baptism_of_Hibil_Ziwa" title="The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa">The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Diwan_Abatur" class="mw-redirect" title="Diwan Abatur">Diwan Abatur</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Thousand_and_Twelve_Questions" title="The Thousand and Twelve Questions">The Thousand and Twelve Questions</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Scroll_of_Exalted_Kingship" title="Scroll of Exalted Kingship">Scroll of Exalted Kingship</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Coronation_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="The Coronation of the Great Shishlam">The Coronation of the Great Shishlam</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Rba" title="Alma Rišaia Rba">Alma Rišaia Rba</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Zu%E1%B9%ADa" title="Alma Rišaia Zuṭa">Alma Rišaia Zuṭa</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Zihrun_Raza_Kasia" title="Zihrun Raza Kasia">Zihrun Raza Kasia</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Scroll_of_the_Parwanaya" title="Scroll of the Parwanaya">Scroll of the Parwanaya</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Book_of_the_Zodiac" title="Book of the Zodiac">Book of the Zodiac</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Dmut_Ku%C5%A1%E1%B9%ADa" title="Dmut Kušṭa">Dmut Kušṭa</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Scroll_of_the_Rivers" title="Scroll of the Rivers">Scroll of the Rivers</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Secrets_of_the_Ancestors" title="Secrets of the Ancestors">Secrets of the Ancestors</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Scroll_of_the_Ancestors" title="Scroll of the Ancestors">Scroll of the Ancestors</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Mandaean_priest" title="Mandaean priest">Priests</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Rishama" title="Rishama">Rishama</a></li>

<li><a href="Ganzibra" title="Ganzibra">Ganzibra</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarmida" title="Tarmida">Tarmida</a></li>

<li><a href="Shganda" title="Shganda">Shganda</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Individual leaders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Miriai" title="Miriai">Miriai</a></li>

<li><a href="Shlama_beth_Qidra" title="Shlama beth Qidra">Shlama beth Qidra</a></li>

<li><a href="Zazai_of_Gawazta" title="Zazai of Gawazta">Zazai of Gawazta</a></li>

<li><a href="Anush_Bar_Danqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anush Bar Danqa">Anush Bar Danqa</a></li>

<li><a href="Yahya_Bihram" title="Yahya Bihram">Yahya Bihram</a></li>

<li><a href="Dakhil_Aidan" title="Dakhil Aidan">Dakhil Aidan</a></li>

<li><a href="Jabbar_Choheili" title="Jabbar Choheili">Jabbar Choheili</a></li>

<li><a href="Sattar_Jabbar_Hilow" title="Sattar Jabbar Hilow">Sattar Jabbar Hilow</a></li>

<li><a href="Najah_Choheili" title="Najah Choheili">Najah Choheili</a></li>

<li><a href="Salah_Choheili" title="Salah Choheili">Salah Choheili</a></li>

<li><a href="Brikha_Nasoraia" title="Brikha Nasoraia">Brikha Nasoraia</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Rituals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Masbuta" title="Masbuta">Masbuta</a></li>

<li><a href="Masiqta" title="Masiqta">Masiqta</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamasha_(ablution)" title="Tamasha (ablution)">Tamasha</a></li>

<li><a href="Rishama_(ablution)" title="Rishama (ablution)">Rishama</a></li>

<li><a href="Kushta" title="Kushta">Kushta</a></li>

<li><a href="Qabin" title="Qabin">Qabin</a></li>

<li><a href="Misha_(Mandaeism)" title="Misha (Mandaeism)">Misha</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ritual food and drink</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Mambuha" title="Mambuha">Mambuha</a></li>

<li><a href="Halalta" title="Halalta">Halalta</a></li>

<li><a href="Hamra_(Mandaeism)" title="Hamra (Mandaeism)">Hamra</a></li>

<li><a href="Fatira" title="Fatira">Fatira</a></li>

<li><a href="Zidqa_brikha" title="Zidqa brikha">Zidqa brikha</a></li>

<li><a href="Lofani" title="Lofani">Lofani</a></li>

<li><a href="Dukrana" title="Dukrana">Dukrana</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Belief in Oneness of God</a></li>

<li><a href="Brakha" title="Brakha">Daily prayer</a></li>

<li><a href="Masbuta" title="Masbuta">Baptism</a></li>

<li><a href="Sauma" title="Sauma">Fasting</a></li>

<li><a href="Zidqa" title="Zidqa">Almsgiving</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Objects and symbols</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Drabsha" title="Drabsha">Drabsha</a></li>

<li><a href="Rasta_(Mandaeism)" title="Rasta (Mandaeism)">Rasta</a></li>

<li><a href="Burzinqa" title="Burzinqa">Burzinqa</a></li>

<li><a href="Pandama" title="Pandama">Pandama</a></li>

<li><a href="Klila" title="Klila">Klila</a></li>

<li><a href="Skandola" title="Skandola">Skandola</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Mandaean_cosmology" title="Mandaean cosmology">Cosmology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></li>

<li><a href="World_of_Light" title="World of Light">World of Light</a></li>

<li><a href="Manda_(Mandaeism)" title="Manda (Mandaeism)">Manda</a></li>

<li><a href="Uthra" title="Uthra">Uthra</a></li>

<li><a href="Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a></li>

<li><a href="Yushamin" title="Yushamin">Yushamin</a></li>

<li><a href="Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a></li>

<li><a href="Ptahil" title="Ptahil">Ptahil</a></li>

<li><a href="Hibil" title="Hibil">Hibil</a></li>

<li><a href="Shitil" title="Shitil">Shitil</a></li>

<li><a href="Anush_(Mandaeism)" title="Anush (Mandaeism)">Anush</a></li>

<li><a href="Bihram" title="Bihram">Bihram Rabba</a></li>

<li><a href="Adathan" class="mw-redirect" title="Adathan">Adathan</a></li>

<li><a href="Yadathan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yadathan">Yadathan</a></li>

<li><a href="Shilmai" title="Shilmai">Shilmai</a></li>

<li><a href="Nidbai" title="Nidbai">Nidbai</a></li>

<li><a href="Yawar_Ziwa" title="Yawar Ziwa">Yawar Ziwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Simat_Hayyi" title="Simat Hayyi">Simat Hayyi</a></li>

<li><a href="Yufin-Yufafin" title="Yufin-Yufafin">Yufin-Yufafin</a></li>

<li><a href="Gubran" title="Gubran">Gubran</a></li>

<li><a href="Shihlun" title="Shihlun">Shihlun</a></li>

<li><a href="Urfeil" class="mw-redirect" title="Urfeil">Urfeil</a></li>

<li><a href="Marfeil" class="mw-redirect" title="Marfeil">Marfeil</a></li>

<li><a href="Saureil" title="Saureil">Saureil</a></li>

<li><a href="Zihrun" title="Zihrun">Zihrun</a></li>

<li><a href="Etinsib_Ziwa" title="Etinsib Ziwa">Etinsib Ziwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Piriawis" title="Piriawis">Piriawis</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tarwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Yurba" title="Yurba">Yurba</a></li>

<li><a href="Yukashar" title="Yukashar">Yukashar</a></li>

<li><a href="Shahrat" title="Shahrat">Shahrat</a></li>

<li><a href="Malwasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Malwasha">Malwasha</a></li>

<li><a href="Nishimta" title="Nishimta">Nishimta</a></li>

<li><a href="Dinanukht" title="Dinanukht">Dinanukht</a></li>

<li><a href="Shishlam" title="Shishlam">Shishlam</a></li>

<li><a href="Ezlat" title="Ezlat">Ezlat</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Shkinta" title="Shkinta">škina</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Dmuta" title="Dmuta">Dmuta</a></li>

<li><a href="Mshunia_Kushta" title="Mshunia Kushta">Mshunia Kushta</a></li>

<li><a href="Adam_kasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam kasia">Adam kasia</a></li>

<li><a href="Adam_pagria" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam pagria">Adam pagria</a></li>

<li><a href="Shatrin" title="Shatrin">Shatrin</a></li>

<li><a href="Laufa" title="Laufa">Laufa</a></li>

<li><a href="Hitfun" title="Hitfun">Hitfun</a></li>

<li><a href="Tibil" title="Tibil">Tibil</a></li>

<li><a href="World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)" title="World of Darkness (Mandaeism)">World of Darkness</a></li>

<li><a href="Siniawis" title="Siniawis">Siniawis</a></li>

<li><a href="Matarta" title="Matarta">Matarta</a></li>

<li><a href="Zahreil" title="Zahreil">Zahreil</a></li>

<li><a href="Anathan" title="Anathan">Anathan</a></li>

<li><a href="Shdum" title="Shdum">Shdum</a></li>

<li><a href="Zartai-Zartanai" title="Zartai-Zartanai">Zartai-Zartanai</a></li>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Mandaean_calendar#Festivals" title="Mandaean calendar">Festivals</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a></li>

<li><a href="Dehwa_d-Shishlam_Rabba" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehwa d-Shishlam Rabba">Dehwa d-Shishlam Rabba</a></li>

<li><a href="Dehwa_Daimana" title="Dehwa Daimana">Dehwa Daimana</a></li>

<li><a href="Dehwa_Hanina" title="Dehwa Hanina">Dehwa Hanina</a></li>

<li><a href="Abu_al-Haris" title="Abu al-Haris">Abu al-Haris</a> (Ashoriya)</li>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Places</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Yardna" title="Yardna">Yardena</a></li>

<li><a href="Beth_Manda" class="mw-redirect" title="Beth Manda">Beth Manda</a></li>

<li><a href="Shkinta" title="Shkinta">Shkinta</a></li>

<li><a href="Andiruna" title="Andiruna">Andiruna</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="Brakha" title="Brakha">Prayers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">

<ul><li><a href="Sidra_d-Nishmata" title="Sidra d-Nishmata">Sidra d-Nishmata</a></li>

<li><a href="Asut_Malkia" title="Asut Malkia">Asut Malkia</a></li>

<li><a href="Rushuma" title="Rushuma">Rushuma</a></li>

<li><a href="Rahma_(Mandaeism)" title="Rahma (Mandaeism)">Rahma</a></li>

<li><a href="Tabahatan" title="Tabahatan">Tabahatan</a></li>

<li><a href="Shumhata" title="Shumhata">Shumhata</a></li>

<li><a href="Bshuma" title="Bshuma">Bshuma</a></li></ul></div></div></td>

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<a href="Portal%3AReligion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Pita" title="Pita">pita</a>.</div>

<p>In <a href="Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a>, the <b>pihta</b> (<a href="Classical_Mandaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Mandaic language">Classical Mandaic</a>: <span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡐࡉࡄࡕࡀ</span>, <small><a href="Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'opened; something broken apart or into pieces'<sup id="cite_ref-Secret_Adam_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Secret_Adam-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup>) is a type of <a href="Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">sacramental bread</a> used with rituals performed by <a href="Mandaean_priest" title="Mandaean priest">Mandaean priests</a>. It is a small, round, biscuit-sized <a href="Flatbread" title="Flatbread">flatbread</a> that can either be salted or saltless, depending on whether the ritual use of the pihta is for living or dead people.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_2002_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley_2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The pihta is not to be confused with the <i><a href="Fa%E1%B9%ADira" class="mw-redirect" title="Faṭira">faṭira</a></i>, a small, round, saltless, half-baked biscuit also used in Mandaean rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_2002_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley_2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

<p>The pihta, as used in rituals for living people such as the <a href="Masbuta" title="Masbuta">masbuta</a>, is a small, round, salted, biscuit-sized <a href="Flatbread" title="Flatbread">flatbread</a> made by mixing flour and salt with water, followed by baking. It can only be made by Mandaean priests, and the flour is also ground by priests.<sup id="cite_ref-Drower_1937_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drower_1937-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the <i><a href="Fa%E1%B9%ADira" class="mw-redirect" title="Faṭira">faṭira</a></i>, which is saltless sacramental bread used for the <a href="Masiqta" title="Masiqta">masiqta</a>, the pihta (as used in masbuta rituals) is salted (with salt mixed into the dough before baking), since salt (<i>mihla</i>) represents symbolizes the soul according to the <i><a href="Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Rba" title="Alma Rišaia Rba">Alma Rišaia Rba</a></i>. However, pihta is also used during <a href="Masiqta" title="Masiqta">masiqta</a> rituals. In this case, the pihta is not salted, since the lack of salt symbolizes the departure of the soul from the body.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_2002_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley_2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>See also</i>: <a href="Blessed_salt" title="Blessed salt">blessed salt</a>)

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ritual_usage">Ritual usage</h2></div>

<p>Every Sunday, Mandaeans participate in a baptismal mass (<i><a href="Ma%E1%B9%A3buta" class="mw-redirect" title="Maṣbuta">maṣbuta</a></i>) involving immersion in flowing water (<i><a href="Yardna" title="Yardna">yardna</a></i>) by ordained priests. The baptized then consume pieces of salted pihta blessed by a priest in order to restore their connections (<i><a href="Laufa" title="Laufa">laufa</a></i>) with the <a href="World_of_Light" title="World of Light">World of Light</a> (see <a href="Mandaean_cosmology" title="Mandaean cosmology">Mandaean cosmology</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_2002_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley_2002-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Saltless pihta is also used in <a href="Masiqta" title="Masiqta">masiqta</a> rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-DC27_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DC27-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associated_ritual_objects">Associated ritual objects</h2></div>

<p>The <i>brihi</i> is a ritual clay fire saucer. Its narrow end faces north. The <i>brihi</i> is used for the pihta and <a href="Riha_(Mandaeism)" title="Riha (Mandaeism)">riha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SymbolicArt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SymbolicArt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <i>gišar</i> is a stone flour mill that can only be used by priests for grinding sacramental flour.<sup id="cite_ref-SymbolicArt_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SymbolicArt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prayers">Prayers</h2></div>

<p>Various prayers in the <i><a href="Qulasta" title="Qulasta">Qulasta</a></i>, including prayers <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Qolasta/Prayer_36" class="extiw external" title="s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 36">36</a>–<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Qolasta/Prayer_45" class="extiw external" title="s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 45">45</a> and <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:Qolasta/Prayer_59" class="extiw external" title="s:Translation:Qolasta/Prayer 59">59</a>, are recited during the sacrament of the pihta.<sup id="cite_ref-Drower_1959_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drower_1959-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a></li>

<li><a href="Fatira" title="Fatira">Fatira</a></li>

<li><a href="Sa_(Mandaeism)" title="Sa (Mandaeism)">Sa (Mandaeism)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pihta" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Pihta">Pihta</a></span>.</div></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFDrower1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="E._S._Drower" title="E. S. Drower">Drower, E. S.</a> (1960). <i>The secret Adam: a study of Nasoraean gnosis</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Buckley_2002-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley_2002_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley_2002_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley_2002_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley_2002_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley2002" class="citation book cs1">Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). <i>The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-19-515385-5</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/65198443">65198443</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Drower_1937-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drower_1937_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drower, Ethel Stefana. 1937. <i>The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran</i>. Oxford At The Clarendon Press.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-DC27-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DC27_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBurtea2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Burtea, Bogdan (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de/%26Zihrun_das_verborgene_Geheimnis%26/titel_115.ahtml"><i>Zihrun, das verborgene Geheimnis</i></a> (in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-447-05644-1</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/221130512">221130512</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-SymbolicArt-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SymbolicArt_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SymbolicArt_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Rompaey2024" class="citation book cs1">van Rompaey, Sandra (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brepols.net/products/IS-9782503593654-1"><i>Mandaean Symbolic Art</i></a>. Turnhout: Brepols. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-2-503-59365-4</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Drower_1959-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drower_1959_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDrower1959" class="citation book cs1">Drower, E. S. (1959). <i>The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mandaeism519" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Mandaeism519" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mandaeans" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandaean_Americans" title="Mandaean Americans">Mandaean Americans</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandaean_Australians" title="Mandaean Australians">Mandaean Australians</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandaeans_in_Sweden" title="Mandaeans in Sweden">Mandaeans in Sweden</a></li>

<li><a href="Sabians" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazarene_(sect)#Nasoraean_Mandaeans" title="Nazarene (sect)">Nasoraeans</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical identities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a></li>

<li><a href="Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostics</a></li>

<li><a href="Kentaeans" title="Kentaeans">Kentaeans</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mandaean_priest" title="Mandaean priest">Priesthood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rishama" title="Rishama">Rishama</a></li>

<li><a href="Ganzibra" title="Ganzibra">Ganzibra</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarmida" title="Tarmida">Tarmida</a></li>

<li>(<a href="Shganda" title="Shganda">Shganda</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>(<a href="List_of_Mandaean_priests" title="List of Mandaean priests">List of Mandaean priests</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Shlama_beth_Qidra" title="Shlama beth Qidra">Shlama beth Qidra</a></li>

<li><a href="Zazai_of_Gawazta" title="Zazai of Gawazta">Zazai of Gawazta</a></li>

<li><a href="Anush_bar_Danqa" title="Anush bar Danqa">Anush bar Danqa</a></li>

<li><a href="Yahya_Bihram" title="Yahya Bihram">Yahya Bihram</a></li>

<li><a href="Ram_Zihrun" title="Ram Zihrun">Ram Zihrun</a></li>

<li><a href="Bibia_Mudalal" title="Bibia Mudalal">Bibia Mudalal</a></li>

<li><a href="Abdullah_Khaffagi" title="Abdullah Khaffagi">Abdullah Khaffagi</a></li>

<li><a href="Negm_bar_Zahroon" title="Negm bar Zahroon">Negm bar Zahroon</a></li>

<li><a href="Dakhil_Aidan" title="Dakhil Aidan">Dakhil Aidan</a></li>

<li><a href="Abdullah_bar_Sam" title="Abdullah bar Sam">Abdullah bar Sam</a></li>

<li><a href="Abdullah_bar_Negm" title="Abdullah bar Negm">Abdullah bar Negm</a></li>

<li><a href="Sattar_Jabbar_Hilow" title="Sattar Jabbar Hilow">Sattar Jabbar Hilow</a></li>

<li><a href="Taleb_Doraji" title="Taleb Doraji">Taleb Doraji</a></li>

<li><a href="Jabbar_Choheili" title="Jabbar Choheili">Jabbar Choheili</a></li>

<li><a href="Najah_Choheili" title="Najah Choheili">Najah Choheili</a></li>

<li><a href="Salah_Choheili" title="Salah Choheili">Salah Choheili</a></li>

<li><a href="Khaldoon_Majid_Abdullah" title="Khaldoon Majid Abdullah">Khaldoon Majid Abdullah</a></li>

<li><a href="Sahi_Bashikh" title="Sahi Bashikh">Sahi Bashikh</a></li>

<li><a href="Yuhana_Nashmi" title="Yuhana Nashmi">Yuhana Nashmi</a></li>

<li><a href="Brikha_Nasoraia" title="Brikha Nasoraia">Brikha Nasoraia</a></li>

<li><a href="Rafid_al-Sabti" title="Rafid al-Sabti">Rafid al-Sabti</a></li>

<li><a href="Salwan_Alkhamas" title="Salwan Alkhamas">Salwan Alkhamas</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mandaean_Council_of_Ahvaz" title="Mandaean Council of Ahvaz">Mandaean Council of Ahvaz</a></li>

<li><a href="Sabian_Mandaean_Association_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabian Mandaean Association in Australia">Sabian Mandaean Association in Australia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Mandaic_manuscripts" title="List of Mandaic manuscripts">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a></i>

<ul><li><i><a href="Right_Ginza" title="Right Ginza">Right Ginza</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Left_Ginza" title="Left Ginza">Left Ginza</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Mandaean_Book_of_John" title="Mandaean Book of John">Mandaean Book of John</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prayers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Qulasta_(list)50" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="Qulasta" title="Qulasta">Qulasta</a></i> (<a href="List_of_Qulasta_prayers" title="List of Qulasta prayers">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Sidra_d-Nishmata" title="Sidra d-Nishmata">Sidra d-Nishmata</a></i> (<i>CP</i> 1–103)</li>

<li><i><a href="Rushuma" title="Rushuma">Rushuma</a></i> (<i>CP</i> 104)</li>

<li><i><a href="Asut_Malkia" title="Asut Malkia">Asut Malkia</a></i> (<i>CP</i> 105)</li>

<li><a href="Eniana" title="Eniana">Eniana</a></li>

<li><a href="Rahma_(Mandaeism)" title="Rahma (Mandaeism)">Rahma</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Tabahatan" title="Tabahatan">Tabahatan</a></i> (<i>CP</i> 170)</li>

<li><i><a href="Shal_Shulta" title="Shal Shulta">Shal Shulta</a></i> (<i>CP</i> 171)</li>

<li><i><a href="Shumhata" title="Shumhata">Shumhata</a></i> (<i>CP</i> 173)</li>

<li><a href="King_of_Kings_(Mandaean_prayer)" title="King of Kings (Mandaean prayer)">King of Kings</a> (<i>CP</i> 176)</li>

<li><i><a href="Kushta#Prayers" title="Kushta">Kušṭa asiak</a></i> (<i>CP</i> 178)</li>

<li><i><a href="Kd_azil_bhira_dakia" title="Kd azil bhira dakia">Kd azil bhira dakia</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Priestly texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Thousand_and_Twelve_Questions" title="The Thousand and Twelve Questions">The Thousand and Twelve Questions</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Scroll_of_Exalted_Kingship" title="Scroll of Exalted Kingship">Scroll of Exalted Kingship</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Coronation_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="The Coronation of the Great Shishlam">The Coronation of the Great Shishlam</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Wedding_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="The Wedding of the Great Shishlam">The Wedding of the Great Shishlam</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Rba" title="Alma Rišaia Rba">Alma Rišaia Rba</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Alma_Ri%C5%A1aia_Zu%E1%B9%ADa" title="Alma Rišaia Zuṭa">Alma Rišaia Zuṭa</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Zihrun_Raza_Kasia" title="Zihrun Raza Kasia">Zihrun Raza Kasia</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Scroll_of_the_Parwanaya" title="Scroll of the Parwanaya">Scroll of the Parwanaya</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Scroll_of_the_Great_Baptism" title="Scroll of the Great Baptism">Scroll of the Great Baptism</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Scroll_of_the_Ancestors" title="Scroll of the Ancestors">Scroll of the Ancestors</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Baptism_of_Hibil_Ziwa" title="The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa">The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Scroll_of_Abatur" title="Scroll of Abatur">Scroll of Abatur</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Dmut_Ku%C5%A1%E1%B9%ADa" title="Dmut Kušṭa">Dmut Kušṭa</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Secrets_of_the_Ancestors" title="Secrets of the Ancestors">Secrets of the Ancestors</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Scroll_of_the_Rivers" title="Scroll of the Rivers">Scroll of the Rivers</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Book_of_the_Zodiac" title="Book of the Zodiac">Book of the Zodiac</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Haran_Gawaita" title="Haran Gawaita">Haran Gawaita</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic</a> texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Incantation_bowl" title="Incantation bowl">Incantation bowls</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandaic_lead_rolls" title="Mandaic lead rolls">Lead rolls</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Pi%C5%A1ra_d-Ainia" title="Pišra d-Ainia">Pišra d-Ainia</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mandaean_cosmology" title="Mandaean cosmology">Cosmology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tibil" title="Tibil">Tibil</a></li>

<li><a href="Yardna" title="Yardna">Yardna</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="World_of_Light" title="World of Light">World of Light</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></li>

<li><a href="Shkinta" title="Shkinta">Shkina</a></li>

<li><a href="Piriawis" title="Piriawis">Piriawis</a></li>

<li><a href="Mshunia_Kushta" title="Mshunia Kushta">Mshunia Kushta</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tarwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Yasana" title="Yasana">Yasana</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Uthras10" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Uthra" title="Uthra">Uthras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Yushamin" title="Yushamin">Yushamin</a></li>

<li><a href="Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a></li>

<li><a href="Ptahil" title="Ptahil">Ptahil</a></li>

<li><a href="Hibil" title="Hibil">Hibil</a></li>

<li><a href="Shitil" title="Shitil">Shitil</a></li>

<li><a href="Anush_(Mandaeism)" title="Anush (Mandaeism)">Anush</a></li>

<li><a href="Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a></li>

<li><a href="Shilmai" title="Shilmai">Shilmai</a></li>

<li><a href="Nidbai" title="Nidbai">Nidbai</a></li>

<li><a href="Adathan_and_Yadathan" title="Adathan and Yadathan">Adathan and Yadathan</a></li>

<li><a href="Yufin-Yufafin" title="Yufin-Yufafin">Yufin-Yufafin</a></li>

<li><a href="Urfeil_and_Marfeil" title="Urfeil and Marfeil">Urfeil and Marfeil</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tar and Tarwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Bihram" title="Bihram">Bihram</a></li>

<li><a href="Zihrun" title="Zihrun">Zihrun</a></li>

<li><a href="Etinsib_Ziwa" title="Etinsib Ziwa">Etinsib Ziwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Gubran" title="Gubran">Gubran</a></li>

<li><a href="Shihlun" title="Shihlun">Shihlun</a></li>

<li><a href="Yurba" title="Yurba">Yurba</a></li>

<li><a href="Yukabar" title="Yukabar">Yukabar</a></li>

<li><a href="Yukashar" title="Yukashar">Yukashar</a></li>

<li><a href="Yawar_Ziwa" title="Yawar Ziwa">Yawar Ziwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Simat_Hayyi" title="Simat Hayyi">Simat Hayyi</a></li>

<li><a href="Saureil" title="Saureil">Saureil</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Concepts8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anana_(Mandaeism)" title="Anana (Mandaeism)">Anana</a></li>

<li><a href="Gufna" title="Gufna">Gufna</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intermediary realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Matarta" title="Matarta">Matarta</a></li>

<li><a href="Hitfun" title="Hitfun">Hitfun</a></li>

<li><a href="Shahrat" title="Shahrat">Shahrat</a></li>

<li><a href="Shatrin" title="Shatrin">Shatrin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)" title="World of Darkness (Mandaeism)">World of Darkness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Siniawis" title="Siniawis">Siniawis</a></li>

<li><a href="Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mšiha</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Demons_in_Mandaeism" title="Demons in Mandaeism">Demons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Anathan" title="Anathan">Anathan</a></li>

<li><a href="Shdum" title="Shdum">Shdum</a></li>

<li><a href="Zartai-Zartanai" title="Zartai-Zartanai">Zartai-Zartanai</a></li>

<li><a href="Zahreil" title="Zahreil">Zahreil</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mandaean_cosmology#Planets" title="Mandaean cosmology">Planets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Shamish" title="Shamish">Shamish</a> (Sun)</li>

<li><a href="Libat" title="Libat">Libat</a> (Venus)</li>

<li><a href="Nbu" title="Nbu">Nbu</a> (Mercury)</li>

<li><a href="Kiwan" title="Kiwan">Kiwan</a> (Saturn)</li>

<li><a href="Bil_(Mandaeism)" title="Bil (Mandaeism)">Bil</a> (Jupiter)</li>

<li><a href="Nirig" title="Nirig">Nirig</a> (Mars)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Enos_(biblical_figure)" title="Enos (biblical figure)">Enosh</a></li>

<li><a href="Miriai" title="Miriai">Miriai</a></li>

<li><a href="Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Elizabeth</a></li>

<li><a href="John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythical figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dinanukht" title="Dinanukht">Dinanukht</a></li>

<li><a href="Shishlam" title="Shishlam">Shishlam</a></li>

<li><a href="Ezlat" title="Ezlat">Ezlat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kushta" title="Kushta">Kushta</a> (truth)</li>

<li><a href="Manda_(Mandaeism)" title="Manda (Mandaeism)">Manda</a> (gnosis)</li>

<li><a href="Laufa" title="Laufa">Laufa</a> (communion)</li>

<li><a href="Dmuta" title="Dmuta">Dmuta</a> (image)</li>

<li><a href="Nishimta" title="Nishimta">Nishimta</a> (soul)</li>

<li><a href="Ruha#As_the_spirit" title="Ruha">Ruha</a> (spirit)</li>

<li><a href="Adam_Kasia" title="Adam Kasia">Adam Kasia</a> (hidden Adam)</li>

<li><a href="Adam_Pagria" title="Adam Pagria">Adam Pagria</a> (bodily Adam)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects and symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Drabsha" title="Drabsha">Drabsha</a> (banner)</li>

<li><a href="Misha_(Mandaeism)" title="Misha (Mandaeism)">Misha</a> (oil)</li>

<li><a href="Riha_(Mandaeism)" title="Riha (Mandaeism)">Riha</a> (incense)</li>

<li><a href="Skandola" title="Skandola">Skandola</a> (talisman seal)</li>

<li><a href="Tariana_(Mandaeism)" title="Tariana (Mandaeism)">Tariana</a> (tray)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ritual food and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mambuha" title="Mambuha">Mambuha</a></li>

<li><a href="Halalta" title="Halalta">Halalta</a></li>

<li><a href="Hamra_(Mandaeism)" title="Hamra (Mandaeism)">Hamra</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="Fatira" title="Fatira">Fatira</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dukrana" title="Dukrana">Dukrana</a></li>

<li><a href="Lofani" title="Lofani">Lofani</a></li>

<li><a href="Zidqa_brikha" title="Zidqa brikha">Zidqa brikha</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Rasta_(Mandaeism)" title="Rasta (Mandaeism)">Rasta</a> (robe)</li>

<li><a href="Burzinqa" title="Burzinqa">Burzinqa</a> (turban)</li>

<li><a href="Pandama" title="Pandama">Pandama</a> (mouth-veil)</li>

<li><a href="Himiana" title="Himiana">Himiana</a> (girdle)</li>

<li><a href="Margna" title="Margna">Margna</a> (staff)</li>

<li><a href="Klila" title="Klila">Klila</a> (wreath)</li>

<li><a href="Taga_(Mandaeism)" title="Taga (Mandaeism)">Taga</a> (crown)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rituals and practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Masbuta" title="Masbuta">Masbuta</a> (baptism)</li>

<li><a href="Tamasha_(ablution)" title="Tamasha (ablution)">Tamasha</a> (triple ablution)</li>

<li><a href="Rishama_(ablution)" title="Rishama (ablution)">Rishama</a> (minor ablution)</li>

<li><a href="Masiqta" title="Masiqta">Masiqta</a> (death mass)</li>

<li><a href="Qabin" title="Qabin">Qabin</a> (wedding)</li>

<li><a href="Brakha" title="Brakha">Brakha</a> (prayer)</li>

<li><a href="Sahduta" title="Sahduta">Sahduta</a> (creed)</li>

<li><a href="Bshuma" title="Bshuma">Bshuma</a> (name of God)</li>

<li><a href="Sauma" title="Sauma">Sauma</a> (fasting)</li>

<li><a href="Zidqa" title="Zidqa">Zidqa</a> (almsgiving)</li>

<li><a href="Mandaean_name" title="Mandaean name">Naming</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mandi_(Mandaeism)" title="Mandi (Mandaeism)">Mandi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sabian%E2%80%93Mandaean_Mandi_of_Baghdad" title="Sabian–Mandaean Mandi of Baghdad">Baghdad Mandi</a></li>

<li><a href="Ganzibra_Dakhil_Mandi" title="Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi">Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi</a></li>

<li><a href="Yahya_Yuhana_Mandi" title="Yahya Yuhana Mandi">Yahya Yuhana Mandi</a></li>

<li><a href="Wallacia_Mandi" title="Wallacia Mandi">Wallacia Mandi</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shkinta" title="Shkinta">Shkinta</a></li>

<li><a href="Andiruna" title="Andiruna">Andiruna</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mandaean_calendar" title="Mandaean calendar">Calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feasts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dehwa_Rabba" title="Dehwa Rabba">Dehwa Rabba</a></li>

<li><a href="Feast_of_the_Great_Shishlam" title="Feast of the Great Shishlam">Feast of the Great Shishlam</a></li>

<li><a href="Dehwa_Hanina" title="Dehwa Hanina">Dehwa Hanina</a></li>

<li><a href="Abu_al-Haris" title="Abu al-Haris">Abu al-Haris</a></li>

<li><a href="Parwanaya" title="Parwanaya">Parwanaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Dehwa_Daimana" title="Dehwa Daimana">Dehwa Daimana</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Daula_(month)" title="Daula (month)">Daula</a></li>

<li><a href="Embra_(month)" title="Embra (month)">ʿmbra</a></li>

<li><a href="Taura_(month)" title="Taura (month)">Taura</a></li>

<li><a href="Silmia" title="Silmia">Ṣilmia</a></li>

<li><a href="Sartana_(month)" title="Sartana (month)">Sarṭana</a></li>

<li><a href="Shumbulta" title="Shumbulta">Šumbulta</a></li>

<li><a href="Qaina" title="Qaina">Qaina</a></li>

<li><a href="Arqba" title="Arqba">Arqba</a></li>

<li><a href="Hitia" title="Hitia">Hiṭia</a></li>

<li><a href="Gadia_(month)" title="Gadia (month)">Gadia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Epochs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Shurbai_and_Sharhabeil" title="Shurbai and Sharhabeil">Shurbai and Sharhabeil</a></li>

<li><a href="Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> and <a href="Noah's_wife#In_Mandaeism" title="Noah's wife">Nuraita</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mandaic_language" title="Mandaic language">Mandaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Neo-Mandaic" title="Neo-Mandaic">Neo-Mandaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandaic_(Unicode_block)" title="Mandaic (Unicode block)">Unicode block</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholarly disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mandaean_studies" title="Mandaean studies">Mandaean studies</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b>  <b>·</b> <b><a href="Outline_of_Mandaeism" title="Outline of Mandaeism">Outline</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Flatbreads417" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Flatbreads417" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Flatbread" title="Flatbread">Flatbreads</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aparon" title="Aparon">Aparon</a></li>

<li><a href="Balep_korkun" title="Balep korkun">Balep korkun</a></li>

<li><a href="Barbari_bread" title="Barbari bread">Barbari bread</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhakri" title="Bhakri">Bhakri</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhatoora" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhatoora">Bhatoora</a></li>

<li><a href="Bindae-tteok" title="Bindae-tteok">Bindae-tteok</a></li>

<li><a href="Bolani" title="Bolani">Bolani</a></li>

<li><a href="Chapati" title="Chapati">Chapati</a></li>

<li><a href="Danbing" title="Danbing">Danbing</a></li>

<li><a href="Kabkab" title="Kabkab">Kabkab</a></li>

<li><a href="Kattama" class="mw-redirect" title="Kattama">Kattama</a></li>

<li><a href="Khubz" title="Khubz">Khubz</a></li>

<li><a href="Kiping" title="Kiping">Kiping</a></li>

<li><a href="Kulcha" title="Kulcha">Kulcha</a></li>

<li><a href="G%C3%B6zleme" title="Gözleme">Gözleme</a></li>

<li><a href="Jolada_rotti" title="Jolada rotti">Jolada rotti</a></li>

<li><a href="Lahoh" title="Lahoh">Lahoh</a></li>

<li><a href="Laobing" title="Laobing">Laobing</a></li>

<li><a href="Lavash" title="Lavash">Lavash</a></li>

<li><a href="Luchi" title="Luchi">Luchi</a></li>

<li><a href="Malooga" class="mw-redirect" title="Malooga">Malooga</a></li>

<li><a href="Markook_(bread)" title="Markook (bread)">Markook</a></li>

<li><a href="Matzah" title="Matzah">Matzo</a></li>

<li><a href="Khubz_mulawah" title="Khubz mulawah">Mulawah</a>

<ul><li><a href="Malawach" title="Malawach">Malawach</a></li>

<li><a href="Malawah" title="Malawah">Malawah</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Papadam" title="Papadam">Papadam</a></li>

<li><a href="Paratha" title="Paratha">Paratha</a>

<ul><li><a href="Aloo_paratha" title="Aloo paratha">Aloo paratha</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Parotta" title="Parotta">Parotta</a></li>

<li><a href="Pathiri" title="Pathiri">Pathiri</a></li>

<li><a href="Phitti" title="Phitti">Phitti</a></li>

<li><a href="Piaya_(food)" title="Piaya (food)">Piaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Pletzel" title="Pletzel">Pletzel</a></li>

<li><a href="Puran_poli" title="Puran poli">Puran poli</a></li>

<li><a href="Qistibi" title="Qistibi">Qistibi</a></li>

<li><a href="Qutab" title="Qutab">Qutab</a></li>

<li><a href="Ramazan_pidesi" title="Ramazan pidesi">Ramazan pidesi</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Makki_di_roti" class="mw-redirect" title="Makki di roti">Makki di roti</a></li>

<li><a href="Roti_canai" title="Roti canai">Roti canai</a></li>

<li><a href="Roti_prata" class="mw-redirect" title="Roti prata">Roti prata</a></li>

<li><a href="Rumali_roti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumali roti">Rumali roti</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sanchuisanda" title="Sanchuisanda">Sanchuisanda</a></li>

<li><a href="Sangak" title="Sangak">Sangak</a></li>

<li>Scallion pancake

<li><a href="Pajeon" title="Pajeon">Pajeon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Saj_bread" title="Saj bread">Saj bread</a></li>

<li><a href="Shaobing" title="Shaobing">Shaobing</a></li>

<li><a href="Sheermal" title="Sheermal">Sheermal</a></li>

<li><a href="Shelpek" title="Shelpek">Shelpek</a></li>

<li><a href="Taboon_bread" title="Taboon bread">Taboon bread</a></li>

<li><a href="Taftan_(bread)" title="Taftan (bread)">Taftan</a></li>

<li><a href="Tandoor_bread" title="Tandoor bread">Tandoor bread</a></li>

<li><a href="Thalipeeth" title="Thalipeeth">Thalipeeth</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhingyalov_hats" title="Zhingyalov hats">Zhingyalov hats</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bannock_(British_and_Irish_food)" title="Bannock (British and Irish food)">Bannock</a></li>

<li><a href="Bazlama" title="Bazlama">Bazlama</a></li>

<li><a href="Crescia" title="Crescia">Crescia</a></li>

<li><a href="Crispbread" title="Crispbread">Crispbread</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarte_flamb%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarte flambée">Flammkuchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Flatbr%C3%B8d" title="Flatbrød">Flatbrød</a></li>

<li><a href="Flatkaka" title="Flatkaka">Flatkaka</a></li>

<li><a href="Focaccia" title="Focaccia">Focaccia</a></li>

<li><a href="Hoggan" title="Hoggan">Hoggan</a></li>

<li><a href="Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li>

<li><a href="L%C3%A1ngos" title="Lángos">Lángos</a></li>

<li><a href="Lefse" title="Lefse">Lefse</a></li>

<li><a href="Mekitsa" title="Mekitsa">Mekitsa</a></li>

<li><a href="Christmas_wafer" title="Christmas wafer">Opłatek</a></li>

<li><a href="Pancake" title="Pancake">Pancake</a></li>

<li><a href="Pane_carasau" title="Pane carasau">Pane carasau</a></li>

<li><a href="Piadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Piadina">Piadina</a></li>

<li>Pinsa</li>

<li><a href="Pizza" title="Pizza">Pizza</a></li>

<li><a href="Podp%C5%82omyk" title="Podpłomyk">Podpłomyk</a></li>

<li><a href="Proziaki" title="Proziaki">Proziaki</a></li>

<li><a href="Breads_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Breads of Finland">Rieska</a></li>

<li><a href="Sacramental_bread" title="Sacramental bread">Sacramental bread</a></li>

<li><a href="Scaccia" title="Scaccia">Scaccia</a></li>

<li><a href="Shotis_puri" title="Shotis puri">Shotis puri</a></li>

<li><a href="Somun" class="mw-redirect" title="Somun">Somun</a></li>

<li><a href="Crescentina_modenese" title="Crescentina modenese">Tigella</a></li>

<li><a href="Torta_de_gazpacho" title="Torta de gazpacho">Torta de gazpacho</a></li>

<li><a href="Tunnbr%C3%B6d" title="Tunnbröd">Tunnbröd</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bataw_(bread)" title="Bataw (bread)">Bataw</a></li>

<li><a href="Eish_merahrah" title="Eish merahrah">Eish merahrah</a></li>

<li><a href="Injera" title="Injera">Injera</a></li>

<li><a href="Khubz" title="Khubz">Khubz</a></li>

<li><a href="Lahoh" title="Lahoh">Lahoh</a></li>

<li><a href="Ngome_(bread)" title="Ngome (bread)">Ngome</a></li>

<li><a href="Msemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Msemen">Msemen</a></li>

<li><a href="Sabaayad" title="Sabaayad">Sabaayad</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arepa" title="Arepa">Arepa</a></li>

<li><a href="Bammy" title="Bammy">Bammy</a></li>

<li><a href="Bannock_(Indigenous_American)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bannock (Indigenous American)">Bannock</a></li>

<li><a href="Tapioca#Flatbreads" title="Tapioca">Casabe</a></li>

<li><a href="Frybread" title="Frybread">Frybread</a></li>

<li><a href="Corn_tortilla" title="Corn tortilla">Corn tortilla</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_tortilla-based_dishes" title="List of tortilla-based dishes">List of tortilla-based dishes</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Flour_tortilla" title="Flour tortilla">Flour tortilla</a></li>

<li><a href="Tortilla_de_rescoldo" title="Tortilla de rescoldo">Tortilla de rescoldo</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Bread_Recipes" class="extiw external" title="b:Cookbook:Bread Recipes">Recipes on WikiBooks</a></b></li>

<li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category:Flatbreads</b></li>

<li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert-image noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AFood" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-22" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Pihta&oldid=1302020108">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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